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Iconographies > Fort of Santa Catarina - 004249
"Forte de S. Caterina", Cascais. Desenho a bico de pena, Maximiano José Serra, 1796.Licença: Domínio Público (Autor falecido há mais de 70 anos). - Date: 1796
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Iconographies > Forte de Santa Catarina - 008570
"Planta do Forte de S.ta Catharina em Cascaes". Escala 1:250. s.a., Lisboa, 17 de abril de 1876. Acervo: Direcção dos Serviços de Fortificação e Obras Militares (DSFOM).Licença: Domínio Público Autor falecido há mais de 70 anos). - Date: 1876
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Iconographies > Forte de Santa Catarina - 008571
Local onde se erguia o Forte de Santa Catarina, podendo observar-se os restos da antiga estrutura militar. s.a., s.d. [início do séc. XX]. Acervo: Museu Condes de Castro Guimarães (MCCG), Cascais.Licença: Domínio Público (Autor falecido há mais de 70 anos). - Date: 1901 - 1920
O “Forte de Santa Catarina”, também referido como “Baluarte da Foz”, localizava-se na freguesia de União das Freguesias de Cascais e Estoril, concelho de Cascais, distrito de Lisboa, em Portugal.
Foi edificado no contexto da Guerra da Restauração da independência portuguesa (1640-1668), integrando a 1.ª linha de fortificações da barra do Tejo, que se estendia do cabo da Roca até à Torre de Belém para defesa da cidade de Lisboa. Cruzava fogos com a Fortaleza de Nossa Senhora da Luz, na defesa da praia da Ribeira, e a leste, com o Forte de Nossa Senhora da Conceição.
História
Foi erguido na década de 1640 por determinação do Conselho de Guerra de João IV de Portugal (1640-1656), sob a supervisão do Governador das Armas da Praça de Cascais, D. António Luís de Meneses (1642-1675), 3° conde de Cantanhede.
No relatório do comandante da Província da Estremadura, D. João de Mascarenhas, é referida a existência do Forte de Santa Catarina, junto à Praça de Cascais (2 de novembro de 1675).
Quando da visita ao forte pelo Coronel João Xavier Teles (29 de junho de 1720), este refere que o mesmo se encontrava fechado e sem guarnição militar, artilhado com 1 peça de bronze do calibre 6, e 5 de ferro, todas muito deterioradas. Era necessário construir um lanço do parapeito, com cantaria, o que custaria 20$000 reis.
Em 1777 encontrava-se no ativo, habitado por um civil com a sua família e artilhado com 8 peças.
Em 1796 teve a planta levantada pelo Sargento-Mor do Real Corpo de Engenheiros Maximiano José Serra, que, a seu respeito registou:
“Está dentro da Vila de Cascais, defende bem a Ribeira, por estar elevado sobre o plano do mar 15 palmos e é composto por bateria, quartéis e paiol. Tem guarnição, palamenta e está reedificado pelo Major Serra debaixo das
ordens do Coronel Romão José do Rego. A artilharia em ferro, composta por uma peça de calibre 9 e três de calibre 24. Possuía 60 e 180 balas para cada calibre. A artilharia está capaz de funcionar.”
Em 1817 encontrava-se muito arruinado, não sendo, na opinião do coronel Pedro Folque, de restaurar. Se fosse arranjado, o mesmo oficial sugeria que o parapeito fosse mais afastado do mar e arredondado, para evitar a erosão. Folque traçou uma planta do forte, com data de 1821, mostrando uma zona da cortina arruinada, no lado sudeste, sendo prevista a sua reconstrução, mas com menor perímetro, bem como um novo parapeito interno, curvilíneo. Na planta, a leste, é visível uma construção com duas dependências intercomunicantes e acesso frontal.
No contexto da Guerra Civil Portuguesa (1828-1831) existe relatório sobre o forte, datado de 1 de dezembro de 1831.
Em 1868 apenas existem as cortinas e uma das casas abobadadas.
Em um desenho de 1875 verifica-se a existência de habitações no local, como a casa de Madame Aline Neuville, uma modista de Lisboa e fornecedora da Casa Real, e a de Domingos Sequeira de Queirós, à frente da qual havia um terraço para este ver o mar, ambos construídos em terreno militar, do qual haviam-se apossado indevidamente. Em 1876 Sequeira de Queirós mandou demolir parte do paiol e fechou-lhe o acesso, para a construção de um terraço. Em 1880 registou-se o arrendamento do espaço a ambos os proprietários pela Secretaria da Guerra, após um largo período de contenda e embargos sucessivos.
No contexto da Primeira Guerra Mundial (1914-1918), em 1915 a Marinha instalou-se no Pavilhão de Santa Catarina, saindo ao final do conflito (1918). Data deste período a aquisição da residência da família Aires de Ornelas por Henrique Manfroy de Seixas, que formulou pedido para a construção do seu palacete no local (14 de junho de 1916), com projeto do arquiteto Manuel Joaquim Norte Júnior. Em 1920 deu-se início à construção do edifício, sobre um pequeno chalet de madeira e do Forte de Santa Catarina ou Baluarte da Foz, na Ribeira das Vinhas. Entretanto, o proprietário da Villa D. Pedro, Luís Vaz de Carvalho Crespo, filho dos anteriores, decidiu pedir o embargo da obra, por lhe ter sido tirada a vista da enseada. As obras foram concluídas em 1932.
Por testamento do proprietário, de 20 de outubro de 1945, deixando o usufruto do imóvel à esposa, D. Ida Santos de Seixas, o palacete foi doado ao Ministério da Marinha, para instalação da Capitania de Cascais, sendo o seu recheio, coleções de modelos de navios e embarcações, fotografias, desenhos, planos e outros documentos, doado ao Museu da Marinha.
Na década de 1970 tiveram lugar obras de remodelação, alterando a traça do imóvel e das coberturas. Em 2004 registou-se a conclusão das obras de remodelação.
O “Forte de Santa Catarina / Palacete Seixas / Edifício da Messe de Cascais” está incluído na Zona de Proteção das Bases da muralha que interliga os dois baluartes da praia da Ribeira / Muralha do cavaleiro e Baluarte da Foz.
O antigo Palacete Seixas, é hoje propriedade da Marinha, com a função de “Messe de Cascais” e residência oficial do Chefe do Estado-Maior da Armada. Ainda é possível ver os restos da muralha original, quando observamos o edifício a partir do pontão em frente.
Características
Na planta de 1821 o forte era composto por dois baluartes poligonais compostos por face e flanco irregulares, adaptando-se aos afloramentos rochosos. As cortinas encontram-se revestidas a cantaria.
No interior, três dependências abobadadas, encimadas por uma bateria, com acesso por escada exterior, tendo, ainda uma esplanada lajeada. No lado leste, um corpo retangular, que servia de paiol.
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