Medias (4)
Images (4)
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Constructions > Castle of Germanelo - 007268
Castelo do Germanelo, Rabaçal, Penela, Coimbra, Portugal: detalhe da muralha e do marco geodésico. Fotografia, Adriao, 2009. Disponível em: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Castelo_de_Germanelo.JPG. Consultado em: 12 ago 2017.Licença: Creative Commons, Atribuição 3.0 Não Adaptada. - Date: 2009
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Constructions > Castle of Germanelo - 007265
Castelo do Germanelo, Rabaçal, Penela, Coimbra, Portugal: detalhe da muralha. Fotografia, Adriao, 2009. Disponível em: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Castelo_de_Germanelo_-_muralha.JPG Consultado em 12 ago 2017.Licença: Creative Commons, Atribuição 3.0 Não Adaptada. - Date: 2009
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Constructions > Castle of Germanelo - 007266
Castelo do Germanelo, Rabaçal, Penela, Coimbra, Portugal: detalhe da muralha. Fotografia, Adriao, 2009. Disponível em: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Castelo_de_Germanelo_-_vista_geral.JPG Consultado em 12 ago 2017.Licença: Creative Commons, Atribuição 3.0 Não Adaptada. - Date: 2009
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Constructions > Castle of Germanelo - 007267
Castelo do Germanelo, Rabaçal, Penela, Coimbra, Portugal: detalhe da muralha. Fotografia, Adriao, 2009. Disponível em: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Castelo_de_Germanelo_-_pormenor_da_muralha.JPG Consultado em: 12 ago 2017.Licença: Creative Commons, Atribuição 3.0 Não Adaptada. - Date: 2009
O "Castelo do Germanelo" localiza-se na freguesia de União das Freguesias de São Miguel, Santa Eufémia e Rabaçal, concelho de Penela, distrito de Coimbra, em Portugal.
Em posição dominante no alto de uma colina nos arredores de Coimbra, a curta distância de Penela, tal como outros castelos da região - Penela, Soure e Lousã -, integrava a rede afonsina de fortificações de defesa das terras de Coimbra, então capital do reino, pela linha do rio Mondego, das frequentes razias dos muçulmanos na região ("Crónica dos Godos", sécs. XII-XIII). Em nossos dias integra a "Rede de Castelos e Muralhas do Mondego".
História
Antecedentes
Acredita-se que a primitiva ocupação de seu sítio se deva a um castro romanizado.
O castelo medieval
D. Afonso Henriques, futuro Afonso I de Portugal (1143-1185), criou o concelho de Germanelo e outorgou-lhe carta de foral (1142), na qual determinava que, além dos seus habitantes serem livres de impostos, concedia paz, perdão e isenção de justiça a todos quantos tivessem cometido crimes de homicídio, de furto, ou de qualquer outro tipo de perturbação pública, sob a condição de se refugiarem nas terras do Germanelo, de as cultivarem e de as defenderem dos ataques dos inimigos. Datará deste período a construção ou reconstrução do castelo, implantado para servir de posto avançado da segurança no trajeto Ansião-Condeixa, através do vale do rio Rabaçal.
A partir da conquista de Santarém (1147) e o avanço das fronteiras para o sul, o castelo perdeu a sua função estratégica, assim como o seu concelho, criado para atrair povoadores. O castelo entra em decadência, vindo a ser abandonado no século XIV, e o concelho extinto.
Do século XX aos nossos dias
Na passagem da década de 1930 para a de 1940, as ruínas do castelo foram adquiridas pelo professor Salvador Dias Arnaut (1913-1995), medievalista e docente da Faculdade de Letras da U
niversidade de Coimbra, que entretanto descobrira documentos no Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo (ANTT) relativos a D. Afonso Henriques, com a descrição do imóvel. É da sua iniciativa a reconstrução do troço da muralha voltada a norte, após um estudo aprofundado dos testemunhos escritos ainda existentes, a que se somaram estudos geológicos e arqueológicos no local. Foram utilizadas pedras originais que se encontravam dispersas no local. Na década de 1970 tiveram lugar escavações arqueológicas conduzidas nomeadamente por José Manuel Bairrão Oleiro, e que permitiram localizar as antigas portas, a cisterna, fundações de edificações localizadas na praça de armas, o local da lareira, e os socalcos que completavam a defesa.
Com o falecimento de Dias Arnaut (1995) os direitos sobre o imóvel foram herdados por seu filho, Salvador Jorge Arnaut, que, no ano de 2000, efetuou uma tentativa de venda do castelo à Câmara Municipal de Penela por 20.000 contos, oferta recusada para não alimentar especulações imobiliárias. Entre julho e agosto do mesmo ano (2000) o castelo foi colocado à venda ao público através de anúncio na revista Casas de Portugal, tendo sido alegadamente vendido por 25.000 contos. A mobilização popular resultante, levou a que a Câmara Municipal, à época, solicitasse ao Instituto Português do Património Arquitectónico (IPPAR) a classificação do mesmo como imóvel de Valor Concelhio, classificação que reforçaria restrições já impostas pelo PDM, visando preservar o seu interesse cultural, evitando a especulação imobiliária e a utilização do castelo para fins turísticos ou habitacionais bem como a alteração do seu carácter estrutural e espacial.
Desse modo, data de 29 de maio de 2003 o Despacho de homologação de classificação do castelo como Imóvel de Interesse Público. Encontra-se classificado como Sítio de Interesse Público, pela Portaria n.º 203/2014, publicada no Diário da República, II Série, n.
º 51, de 13 de março de 2014.
Atualmente o castelo é gerido pelo Município de Penela, por protocolo de cedência realizado com descendentes do Prof. Doutor Salvador Dias Arnaut.
Características
Exemplar de arquitetura militar, românica, de enquadramento rural, isolado no cimo de um monte a leste do Rabaçal, a 367 metros acima do nível do mar, envolvido por mata. Possui ampla vista panorâmica sobre a região envolvente, de largos vales, onde se destaca uma elevação gémea, o Jerumelo, a sul.
Apresenta planta irregular em forma de triângulo, de faces e vértices arredondados, o troço da muralha norte reconstruído com 17 ameias; as restantes, completamente em ruínas, não sobem em alguns pontos acima do nível do solo, mantendo noutros uma elevação média. Em seus muros implanta-se um marco geodésico.
No interior do recinto, ao flanco leste, abre-se um poço redondo. Troços de alicerces indicam partes das primitivas construções internas.
O conjunto ocupa uma área de 80.000 metros quadrados.
A lenda dos Germanelos
A história do castelo liga-se a uma antiga lenda, segundo a qual havia dois irmãos ("germanelos" = gémeos) gigantes, ferreiros, que viviam cada um no seu monte, um no Melo, a norte, e outro no Jerumelo, a sul. Como só dispunham de um único martelo, partilhavam-no entre si, afirmando-se que, nas redondezas escutar-se-ia com frequência os dois ferreiros a comunicarem entre si -“Germanelo passa para cá o martelo” e em contraposição - “Jerumelo, atira para cá outra vez o malho”.
Certo dia, Jerumelo zangou-se com o irmão e atirou-lhe o martelo com tanta força que este se desconjuntou, caindo o ferro na encosta do monte Melo, fazendo brotar uma fonte de águas férreas onde surgiu a povoação da Fartosa (em 1160 Ferratosa e, em 1420, Ferretosa). O cabo de madeira de zambujo, mais leve, foi espetar-se numa terra a 2 quilómetros de distância, fazendo nascer um zambujo, originando o nome da povoação de Zambujal.
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Use horizontal roll bar to show all Panoramic available. o Click on panoramic miniature wanted to load its available information which are at the same window previously busy by the main text. o On visualization window, there are not only the image but: its title, its classification category, its identification number (ID), a description about its content, its realization date and credits, name of the user who registered it (publisher), can be fortification tutor or other contributor (see below information about “Contributions” item). Click on contributor’s name to access his available information. Beside these information, there is a frame icon with the file size (KB). o Click on this frame to open it and see the panoramic. o Below visualization window, Previous and Next commands allow to access other available images. 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