Forte de São Lourenço na Ponta da Ilha de Itaparica
Vera Cruz, Bahia - Brazil
Medias (2)
Images (2)
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Iconographies > Planta e perspectiva do Forte de de São Lourenço - 002328
Trata-se de uma planta do Forte de São Lourenço na Ponta da Ilha de Itaparica, na cidade de Salvador, Estado da Bahia. Feita em 1799, a planta faz parte do documento manuscrito titulado: “Plano da fortificação que se acha na capitania da Bahia feito por ordem do senhor D. Fernando José de Portugal e Castro, Governador e Capitão Geral da mesma capitania.” No documento completo constam a planta, perspectiva e descrição das principais fortificações da época, acompanhada pelas tabelas das peças de artilharia e das diferentes munições que cada uma das construções possuía.Titulado: “Plano da fortificação que se acha na capitania da Bahia feito por ordem do senhor D. Fernando José de Portugal e Castro, Governador e Capitão Geral da mesma capitania.” Os direitos e a localização original do documento pertencem à Biblioteca Nacional (Brasil): Manuscritos 03,3,015. Coleção: Real Bibliotheca. Para acesso e download da obra, basta acessar o site da mesma instituição.
Link: http://objdigital.bn.br/acervo_digital/div_manuscritos/mss1233553/mss1233553.pdf - Date: 1799
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Iconographies > Planta e perspectiva do Forte de São Lourenço em Itaparica - 002546
Trata-se de um documento da segunda metade do século XVIII com a planta e perspectiva do Forte de São Lourenço na Ponta da Ilha de Itaparica, localizado no atual município de Vera Cruz, no litoral do Estado da Bahia.A planta pertence ao documento manuscrito titulado: “Cartas topograficas contem as plantas e prospectos das fortalezas que defendem a cidade da Bahia de Todos os Santos e seu reconcavo por mar e terra”. De autoria de José Antônio Caldas, o conjunto é composto de 29 folhas manuscritas, 13 plantas pintadas à tinta da china e aguadas em rosa e cinza, de 43 cm. A planta do Forte de São Lourenço na Ponta da Ilha de Itaparica foi copiada por Jozé Ramos de Souza, Escala ca. 1:270 determinada com o valor calculado 8,20 cm correspondente a "100 palmos" Portugueses; 37,0x21,7 cm em folha de 41,6x26,5 cm; inclui um alçado.
Os direitos e a localização do documento original pertencem à Biblioteca Nacional (Portugal), disponibilizado no site da mesma instituição: http://purl.pt/854 - Date: 1764
O Forte de São Lourenço na Ponta da Ilha de Itaparica localiza-se na ponta da Baleia, extremo norte da Ilha de Itaparica, atual município de Vera Cruz, no litoral do Estado da Bahia.
Dominando o único porto natural da ilha e a enseada do rio Paraguaçú, acesso ao Recôncavo, a sua fortificação mais antiga remonta a 1631, em desenho atribuído ao Engenheiro Paulo Nunes Tinoco.
No contexto da Guerra Holandesa (1630-54), quando da quarta tentativa de conquista de Salvador (fev/1647), os holandeses comandados por Sigismund van Schkoppe ocupam-no e reconstroem-no no formato de um polígono quadrangular irregular, apoiado por quatro redutos, utilizando-os como centro das operações contra Salvador e o Recôncavo baiano. Estas forticações resistem ao assalto das forças portuguesas comandadas por Francisco Rebelo (ago/1647), e serão destruídas quando os holandeses se retiram para Recife (jan/1648), evacuando a ilha de Itaparica (SOUZA, 1885:95-96).
A atual fortificação, erguida em alvenaria de pedra e cal sobre os vestígios do antigo forte, remonta a 1711, sob o Governo Geral de D. Lourenço de Almada (1710-11) (SOUZA, 1885:96), em homenagem a quem é colocado sob a invocação de São Lourenço (Forte de São Lourenço). Por determinação do Vice-rei D. Pedro Antônio de Noronha Albuquerque e Souza (1714-18), ainda em construção, é nomeado Capitão da fortaleza Antônio Gonçalves da Rocha, que se obrigou, ao assumir a função, a custear as obras de reconstrução, obedecendo a planta original.
De acordo com iconografia de José Antônio Caldas (Planta e fachada da fortaleza de S. Lourenso na Ponta da Ilha de Itaparica fronteira a esta Cidade. in: Cartas topográficas contem as plantas e prospectos das fortalezas que defendem a cidade da Bahia de Todos os Santos e seu reconcavo por mar e terra, c. 1764. Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino, Lisboa), o seu desenho apresenta o formato de um polígono octogonal, com seis ângulos salientes e dois reentrantes. Com o auxílio de GARRIDO (1940), podemos completar a descrição da estrutura: o acesso é feito por uma rampa até uma portada de 2,20m de largura em cantaria, com verga, ladeada por dois coruchéus, encimada atualmente pelo escudo de armas do Império. Esta prossegue como um túnel em rampa (saguão) de 7m de comprimento, que dá acesso ao terrapleno. No pavimento inferior, abre-se em cada lado um recinto abóbadado de 9,55m x 4,30m: o Quartel da Tropa e a Prisão. Sobre o terrapleno, ao abrigo das cortinas, ergue-se edificação de um pavimento, abrigando as dependências de serviço do forte (Casa de Comando e Paiol). A estrutura contava ainda com Cisterna. GARRIDO (1940) complementa ainda que a sua planta dispunha de uma face e de dois flancos providos de 14 canhoneiras, e frente abaluartada com 1,80m de espessura para desdobramento da linha de fuzileiros em 140m de plano de fogo. As duas meias-lunetas da parte abaluartada eram desiguais (Op. cit., p. 96).
BARRETTO (1958) informa que estava guarnecido por um Capitão, um Sargento, nove soldados e dois Tambores, e artilhado com doze peças de ferro (seis de calibre 36 libras e seis de 8) (Op. cit., p. 181-182), acreditamos que em meados do século XVIII.
Palco da resistência portuguesa durante a Guerra da Independência (1822-23), foi tomado em jan/1823 pelas forças independentes do Capitão Antônio de Souza Lima com canhões trazidos da Fortaleza do Morro de São Paulo. Por esse feito, é presenteado pelo General Labatut com uma bandeira brasileira, recebendo menção elogiosa na Ordem do Dia 13/jan. Por determinação do General Labatut, esteve detido nas instalações deste forte o comandante do Exército Pacificador de Cachoeira, Coronel Felisberto Gomes Caldeira (19-22/mai/1823). Este episódio conduziria à destituição daquele General, assumindo o comando das forças independentes o Coronel José Joaquim de Lima e Silva (SOUZA, 1885:96).
O mesmo autor reporta que a fortaleza se encontrava arruinada em 1841, creditando-lhe treze peças de artilharia (Op. cit., p. 96). O forte é visitado pelo imperador D. Pedro II (1840-89) em 1859, encontrando-se quase em ruínas. com a Casa de Comando funcionando como Cadeia Pública. No contexto da Questão Christie (1862-65), o "Relatório do Estado das Fortalezas da Bahia" ao Presidente da Província (03/ago/1863) (ROHAN, 1896:51), cita:
"Demora na ponta N da ilha do mesmo nome ao lume d'água, figurando um trapézio, cujo lado de terra é uma cortina ocupada pelos edifícios da Fortaleza e reunida aos lados divergentes da figura por meios baluartes. Apresenta o desenvolvimento de 437 palmos, doze canhoneiras e 283 palmos de plano de fogo. Acha-se reparada, mas ressente-se da falta de plataformas competentes para as canhoneiras. Tem algumas peças, mas não está armada." (Op. cit., p. 62-63)
Com a proclamação da República (1889), as instalações do forte foram utilizadas como enfermaria (1892).
BARRETTO (1958) relata que à época da 1ª Guerra Mundial (1914-18), o forte encontrava-se arruinado, restando-lhe apenas treze peças de artilharia (1915) (Op. cit, p. 182). De propriedade da União, o imóvel encontra-se tombado pelo Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional desde 1938. A partir de 1974 o Ministério da Marinha realizou obras no forte, ali instalando uma Estação de "Degaussing", destinada à desmagnetização do casco de navios. Na ocasião foram demolidos os remanescentes da Casa de Comando, e construído um pavilhão de concreto em forma de "U", além de um pavimento intermediário, semi-enterrado no terrapleno. O forte não se encontra aberto à visitação pública, nem integra os roteiros turístico-culturais da ilha de Itaparica.
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