Medias (4)
Images (4)
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Constructions > Castelo de Porto de Mós - 005126
Castelo de Porto de Mós, Portugal: aspecto da fachada.Carlos Luís M. C. da Cruz - Date: 2015
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Constructions > Castelo de Porto de Mós - 005123
Castelo de Porto de Mós, Portugal: acesso.Carlos Luís M. C. da Cruz - Date: 2015
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Constructions > Castelo de Porto de Mós - 005124
Castelo de Porto de Mós, Portugal: aspecto de uma das torres ameadas.Carlos Luís M. C. da Cruz - Date: 2015
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Constructions > Castelo de Porto de Mós - 005125
Castelo de Porto de Mós, Portugal: aspecto do pano de muralha lateral.Carlos Luís M. C. da Cruz - Date: 2015
O “Castelo de Porto de Mós”, também referido como “Castelo de D. Fuas Roupinho”, localiza-se na freguesia de Porto de Mós - S. João Baptista e S. Pedro, concelho de Porto de Mós, distrito de Leiria, em Portugal.
Erguido sobre um outeiro, em posição dominante sobre a povoação, o seu nome está ligado ao de D. Fuas Roupinho, imortalizado nos versos de Luís de Camões e na lenda da Nazaré.
História
Antecedentes
Acredita-se que a ocupação do sítio remonte à pré-história, conforme fragmentos de cerâmica trazidos à luz pela pesquisa arqueológica. Do período da ocupação romana, de quando se crê date a primeira defesa da povoação, foram recolhidas moedas e identificadas inscrições latinas em duas cantarias. No período de ocupação muçulmana aqui teria existido uma atalaia.
O castelo medieval
À época da Reconquista cristã da península Ibérica, tendo as forças de Afonso I de Portugal (1143-1185) avançado até à linha do rio Tejo, a povoação de Porto de Mós terá sido conquistada aos muçulmanos em 1148. A tradição refere como seu alcaide D. Fuas Roupinho. Pouco tempo mais tarde os muçulmanos reconquistaram esta posição, tendo D. Fuas logrado a fuga para retomá-la em seguida, com reforços, definitivamente.
Com o incentivo ao povoamento sob o reinado de Sancho I de Portugal (1185-1211) a povoação prosperou, tendo a sua defesa sido reedificada.
Quando das bodas de Dinis I de Portugal (1279-1325) este monarca, por carta de arras da
tada de 24 de abril de 1281, outorgou como dote a sua noiva, futura esposa, D. Isabel de Aragão, as vilas de Abrantes, Óbidos, Alenquer e Porto de Mós, que a partir de então (até 1834) passariam a integrar o património das rainhas de Portugal.. O soberano outorgou-lhe carta de foral (1305), período em que tiveram lugar obras de restauro no castelo, adaptando-o à função de residência senhorial. O monarca também terá feito erguer uma cerca muralhada em torno da vila.
No contexto da crise de sucessão de 1383-1385, a povoação e o seu castelo tomaram o partido do Mestre de Avis, aclamado rei como João I de Portugal (1385-1433). As forças portuguesas, sob o comando do soberano, aqui acamparam a caminho da batalha de Aljubarrota (1385). A povoação, o castelo e seus domínios integraram a ampla doação de terras e direitos feita pelo soberano ao Condestável, D. Nuno Álvares Pereira. Por falecimento deste, foram legados em testamento à sua filha e genro, os primeiros duques de Bragança.
Na 2.ª metade do século XV, o filho do 1.º duque de Bragança, D. Afonso, 4.° conde de Ourém e 1.° marquês de Valença, interessando-se por várias vilas destes domínios, foi o responsável por várias melhorias em Porto de Mós, entre as quais a transformação do seu castelo medieval em um solar renascentista, projeto que os seus descendentes abraçaram e ampliaram.
No início do século XVI elementos classicizantes do átrio mostram possíveis intervenções de Jaime I, 4.º duque de Bragança, a quem Manuel I de Portugal (1495-1521), em 1498, restituiu os títulos, terras e bens confiscados a seu pai.
Do século XVIII aos n
ossos dias
Por volta de 1735 uma das cinco torres do castelo ruiu. Quando do terramoto de 1 de novembro de 1755 o castelo foi severamente danificado, tendo ficado de pé apenas três torres, muito arruinadas. A muralha ficou aberta do lado norte, e ruiu parte da varanda do lado sul.
Em 1909 um novo sismo destruiu três das arcadas da varanda, deixando à vista as abóbadas.
Encontra-se classificado como Monumento Nacional por Decreto de 16 de junho de 1910, publicado no Diário do Governo n.º 136 de 23 de junho. A ZEP e a Zona "non aedificandi" encontram-se definidas por Portaria publicada no Diário do Governo, II Série, n.º 152, de 2 de julho de 1948. Incluído na Área Protegida das Serras de Aire e Candeeiros.
A intervenção do poder público teve lugar a partir de 1936 pela Direcção Geral dos Edifícios e Monumentos Nacionais (DGEMN), que promoveu extensa intervenção de limpeza, conservação e restauro que se estendeu até ao final da década de 1950. Em 1960 foi instalada a iluminação "festiva" do castelo. Novas intervenções no conjunto tiveram lugar na primeira metade da década de 1970, na década de 1990, quando tiveram lugar escavações arqueológicas (1991-1992), e em 2001.
Características
Exemplar de arquitetura militar e residencial, nos estilos gótico e renascentista. De enquadramento urbano, encontra-se isolado sobre um morro na cota de 148 metros acima do nível do mar, sobranceiro à vila de Porto de Mós e de onde se avista o vale do Lena e a serra dos Candeeiros.
O castelo apresenta planta pentagonal, com torreões de reforço nos ângulos, adaptada a paço solarengo. Primitivamente possuía 5 torres, uma em cada ângulo, coroadas por coruchéus, muralhas rematadas por mata-cães e rasgadas por uma varanda a sul e duas a norte, apresentando grandes afinidades com o Paço de Ourém na cachorrada e no denticulado dos vãos das portas interiores. Os cachorros eram provavelmente rematados por arcadas em tijolo, sobre a qual assentava o adarve, como em Ourém.
As duas torres pelo lado sul são encimadas por coruchéus piramidais verdes, estando as três restantes danificadas. Os parapeitos das torres e cortinas são reforçados por uma série de mísulas, outrora rematadas por ameias. A fachada sul apresenta uma combinação de elementos arquitetónicos do gótico quatrocentista. Duas torres com janelas flanqueiam-na, dispondo-se no espaço entre ambas uma varanda dupla com abóbadas de aresta, composta por arcos conopiais misulados, interrompida ao centro por um contraforte saliente. Vários elementos escultóricos enriquecem esta área e dependências palacianas anexas. No piso térreo rasga-se um amplo portal. Intramuros, observa-se um átrio arruinado que era formado por um pórtico com colunas e pilastras renascentistas, tendo ao centro os muros facetados da cisterna. Portas e janelas retangulares e ogivais, bem assim como outros elementos construtivos e decorativos, revelam a coexistência de estilos, bem como similaridades com o Paço de Ourém.
O interior apresenta um pátio central (onde se escavou a cisterna), a partir do qual se acede a todos os espaços do conjunto.
A "loggia" corrida ao longo do andar nobre do paço e o coroamento piramidal das duas torres que ladeiam a entrada fazem com que este castelo seja uma das mais importantes peças de cenografia arquitetónica do século XV português.
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